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1 fermier général
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2 fermier
fermier, -ière [fεʀmje, jεʀ]1. adjective• poulet fermier ≈ free-range chicken2. masculine noun, feminine noun( = cultivateur) farmer* * *
1.
- ière fɛʀmje, ɛʀ adjectif [beurre, fromage] farm (épith); [poulet, œufs] free-range (épith)exploitation fermière — ( activité) farming; ( ferme) farm
2.
nom masculin, féminin ( agriculteur) farmer
3.
nom masculin Commerce, Droit leaseholder* * *fɛʀmje, jɛʀ (-ière)1. nm/f2. nf(= femme de fermier) farmer's wife3. adj* * *A adj [beurre, fromage] farm ( épith); [poulet, œufs] free-range ( épith); exploitation fermière ( activité) farming; ( ferme) farm.fermier général Hist farmer general.2. COMMERCEpoulet/œuf fermier free-range chicken/egglait/beurre fermier dairy milk/butter————————nom masculin1. AGRICULTURE [locataire] tenant farmer[propriétaire, agriculteur] farmer2. HISTOIRE————————fermière nom féminin1. [épouse] farmer's wife2. [cultivatrice] woman farmer -
3 Riquet, Pierre Paul
[br]b. 29 June 1604 Béziers, Hérault, Franced. 1 October 1680 buried at Toulouse, France[br]French canal engineer and constructor of the Canal du Midi.[br]Pierre Paul Riquet was the son of a wealthy lawyer whose ancestors came from Italy. In his education at the Jesuit College in Béziers he showed obvious natural ability in science and mathematics, but he received no formal engineering training. With his own and his wife's fortunes he was able to purchase a château at Verfeil, near Toulouse. In 1630 he was appointed a collector of the salt tax in Languedoc and in a short time became Lessee General (Fermier Général) of this tax for the whole province. This entailed constant travel through the district, with the result that he became very familiar with this part of the country. He also became involved in military contracting. He acquired a vast fortune out of both activities. At this time he pondered the possibility of building a canal from Toulouse to the Mediterranean beyond Béziers and, after further investigation as to possible water supplies, he wrote to Colbert in Paris on 16 November 1662 advocating the construction of the canal. Although the idea proved acceptable it was not until 27 May 1665 that Riquet was authorized to direct operations, and on 14 October 1666 he was given authority to construct the first part of the canal, from Toulouse to Trebes. Work started on 1 January 1667. By 1669 he had between 7,000 and 8,000 men employed on the work. Unhappily, Riquet died just over six months before the canal was completed, the official opening beingon 15 May 1681.Although Riquet's fame rightly rests on the Canal du Midi, probably the greatest work of its time in Europe, he was also consulted about and was responsible for other projects. He built an aqueduct on more than 100 arches to lead water into the grounds of the château of his friend the marquis de Castres. The plans for this work, which involved considerable practical difficulties, were finalized in 1670, and water flowed into the château grounds in 1676. Also in 1676, Riquet was commissioned to lead the waters of the river Ourcq into Paris; he drew up plans, but he was too busy to undertake the construction and on his death the work was shelved until Napoleon's time. He was responsible for the creation of the port of Sète on the Mediterranean at the end of the Canal du Midi. He was also consulted on the supply of water to the Palace of Versailles and on a proposed route which later became the Canal de Bourgogne. Riquet was a very remarkable man: when he started the construction of the canal he was well over 60 years old, an age at which most people are retiring, and lived almost to its completion.[br]Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1973, From Sea to Sea, London: Allen Lane; rev. ed. 1994, Bridgwater: Internet Ltd.Jean-Denis Bergasse, 1982–7, Le Canal de Midi, 4 vols, Hérault:—Vol. I: Pierre Paul Riquet et le Canal du Midi dans les arts et la littérature; Vol II: Trois Siècles debatellerie et de voyage; Vol. III: Des Siècles d'aventures humaine; Vol. IV: Grands Moments et grands sites.JHB
См. также в других словарях:
Fermier général — ● Fermier général financier membre de la Ferme générale. (Constituée en 1681 lors de la création de la Ferme générale par Colbert et réorganisée en 1726, la Compagnie des fermiers généraux rassemblait 40 [60 de 1756 à 1780] financiers chargés de… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Fermier général — Ferme générale La Ferme générale, constituée réellement en 1726, était une compagnie de financiers à laquelle étaient affermés par bail les droits de Traite et autres droits indirects. Par son organisation, elle correspondait, sous l Ancien… … Wikipédia en Français
fermier — fermier, ière [ fɛrmje, jɛr ] n. • 1207; de 2. ferme 1 ♦ Anciennt ou dr. Personne qui tient à ferme un droit. Appos. Société fermière des jeux. ♢ FERMIER GÉNÉRAL : financier qui, sous l Ancien Régime, prenait à ferme le recouvrement des impôts. 2 … Encyclopédie Universelle
fermier — fermier, ière (fèr mié , miê r ) s. m. et f. 1° Celui celle qui tient à bail un bien fonds, une exploitation rurale. Un fermier actif et intelligent. • Tout ce qu on boit est bon, tout ce qu on mange est sain ; La maison le fournit, la… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
fermier — Fermier, [ferm]iere. s. Celuy ou celle qui prend des heritages, ou des droits à ferme. Fermier general. c est le fermier d une telle terre. le fermier & la fermiere. fermier des Gabelles, des Aides, les Fermiers des cinq grosses fermes … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Fermier — (fr., spr. Fermich), in Frankreich Besitzer eines Pacht od. Meierhofs (Ferme); Fermier général, (spr. F. schenerall), so v.w. Generalpachter … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
FERMIER — IÈRE. s. Celui, celle qui prend des héritages ou des droits à ferme. C est le fermier de telle terre, le fermier de monsieur un tel. Le fermier et la fermière. Un gros, un riche fermier. Ses fermiers ne le payent pas. Fermier judiciaire. Le… … Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 7eme edition (1835)
Fermier — (franz., spr. fermjē); Pächter; F. général, Generalpächter, insbes. der frühere französische Steuerpächter … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Général Grant — Ulysses S. Grant Pour les articles homonymes, voir Grant. Ulysses S. Grant … Wikipédia en Français
Général Peron — Juan Perón Pour les articles homonymes, voir Perón. Juan Perón en 1946. Juan Domingo Perón ( … Wikipédia en Français
Farmer-general — Farmer Farm er (f[aum]rm [ e]r), n. [Cf. F. fermier.] One who farms; as: (a) One who hires and cultivates a farm; a cultivator of leased ground; a tenant. Smart. (b) One who is devoted to the tillage of the soil; one who cultivates a farm; an… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
